When I came back to work at my alma mater in 2011, they had just celebrated the Centennial the year before. The mailing they sent out for the 100-year mark was gorgeous – vintage photos, heavy cardstock, elegant fonts. You could see the pride in every detail.

But there was one big problem.

It cost more to send than it brought in.

When I ran the numbers, the cost to raise a dollar on that piece was $1.40. For every dollar it generated, it cost us $1.40 to get it. We weren’t raising money – we were losing it. It was like we were throwing money overboard and missing a once in a century opportunity!

The issue wasn’t just the over-the-top production. The package was confusing. Too many ask amounts, too many gift designations, and other options. Donors didn’t know where to focus. And when a donor doesn’t know what to do, they don’t give.

The next year, we simplified. One letter. Points of pride on the back. Clear ask string. That mailing had a cost to raise a dollar of 43 cents.
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Same donor base. Better strategy.

Cost to raise a dollar is exactly what it sounds like. It’s a measure of efficiency. You take your total expenses for a campaign or fundraising channel and divide it by the amount raised.

Formula:
Cost to raise a dollar = Total Expenses ÷ Total Dollars Raised

If you spent $10,000 and brought in $25,000, your cost to raise a dollar is $0.40. That means it cost you forty cents to raise one dollar. Good.

If your cost to raise a dollar is over $1, you’ve got a problem – if you’re not executing a donor acquisition strategy where you expect to lose money upfront to gain long-term donors who’ll give again and again for less.
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But if you’re not acquiring or upgrading donors – and your cost to raise a dollar is that high? You’re hemorrhaging money.

Recently I was teaching a webinar and got asked whether you should track staff time on any particular fundraising effort in the total expenses when calculating cost to raise a dollar. My answer is no.

I’ve never met a fundraiser who’s sitting around wondering what to do next, and I don’t think tracking every minute of your working hours is a good use of that valuable time.

Staff salaries are in your normal budget. Consider them a constant. Don’t tie yourself in knots trying to figure out if you spent 20 hours on the gala last week or 22 hours.

Examples: For a mailing, count printing, postage and processing costs (if using a mailhouse or other paying part-time folks to stuff mailers). For an event, expenses would include catering, décor, invitations (printing, postage, and processing), printings programs, etc.
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Keep it simple and you’ll be ahead of the game.

Fundraisers talk a lot about leaky buckets – usually in terms of donor retention. But there’s another leak that’s just as costly: spending more to raise a dollar than you get back. That’s what this metric uncovers.

Most fundraisers are trained to focus on total dollars raised or number of donors who give. And yes, those are crucial. But cost to raise a dollar gives you clarity at the tactical level. It shows you where your fundraising machine is humming – and where it’s grinding your budget into dust.

Cost to raise a dollar is especially helpful when:

• You’re evaluating different channels (direct mail vs. email vs. phonathon)
• You're preparing for a budget meetings and need simple, apples-to-apples comparisons
• Leadership is asking to cut costs, and you need to defend what’s working
• You’re trying to argue against flashy design choices or work-intensive events that don’t move the needle

That Centennial piece taught me something I’ve never forgotten: Beautiful isn’t always effective. Impact matters more than gloss.

It also gave me a compelling number to take into conversations. I could walk into meetings and say, “This mailing costs us $1.40 to raise a dollar. Last year’s only cost 43 cents. Which one do you want to fund next year?”
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I didn’t need to yell. I just needed to know my numbers.

Some channels will have higher cost to raise a dollar – and that’s okay. Phonathons, acquisition campaigns, certain events – they often cost more. But if you’re tracking those donors and seeing strong retention and future giving, that higher initial cost might be justified. But do that deliberately, for strategic reasons.

In higher ed, campaigns like student philanthropy programs or senior class gifts often have an “upside-down” cost to raise a dollar. That’s not a failure – it’s intentional. We spend more than we bring in because we’re focused on something bigger: starting the donor relationship early, before students graduate, move away, and scatter.

While they’re still on campus, their connection to the institution is at its peak. That’s the right time to invite them into giving – not just for dollars today, but for loyalty tomorrow.

Just don’t confuse “tradition” or “looking nice” with effectiveness. Know what each dollar is doing for you. Make that a habit. Teach it to your team.

And please – for the love of fundraising – don’t let your best-looking piece be your worst-performing one.

If you’ve never calculated your cost to raise a dollar, start now. Pull your last three mailings or campaigns. Be honest about all the expenses, minus staff salaries.

Run the numbers. Then start making decisions that build toward efficiency – and impact.

This metric gives you the insight you need to be smart with the resources you’ve been trusted to steward.
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Cheers!

P.S. Like this kind of insight? Subscribe to Real Deal Fundraising and get my best articles, tools, and curated resources every week – including webinars, videos, and free downloads.

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Fundraisers love numbers – but we don’t always slow down to read them.

When I look at donor giving histories, I’m not just tallying lifetime value or calculating retention. I’m looking for inflection points. Clues. Moments that tell me a donor is thinking differently about their relationship with the organization.

You can spot those moments – if you know what to look for.

In my last blog post, I revealed my strategy for connecting annual giving to major and planned giving for board members. Through this process of telling the long version of donors’ origin stories, I saw patterns that repeated. I kept seeing similar types of gifts that signaled the donor had deepened in their connection to the organization’s mission.

Once you know them, you’ll be able to spot these in the gift histories of your current major donors. After a while, you’ll be able to see these gifts when they happen and optimize your systems to steward these donors to the next level!

Here are three gift types I always flag in donor bios:

1. The “Kick the Tires” Gift

This is the donor’s very first gift. It’s usually modest – $25, $50, maybe $100. But don’t let the size fool you.

This gift is a test. They’re watching how your organization responds. Do you acknowledge quickly? Do you give thanks personally? Do you make it easy to give again? Do they feel seen?

Most board members don’t realize that your largest donors often start right here. Not with a gala. Not with a campaign. But with a small, quiet gift and a lot of curiosity.

Track this gift like it matters – because it does.

By reframing first time gifts as “kick the tires” gifts, organizations leverage their systems to make sure every new donor has an exceptional experience and feels appreciated.

Ask yourself: Do you have any special communication or benefits that help first-time donors feel recognized? How I can I use email, phone, volunteer/board outreach, and mail to have this donor feel the love and their impact?

2. The “Hand-Raising” Gift

You’ve got a donor who’s given $100 a year for a decade. Then suddenly – boom – a $1,000 check shows up.

That’s not random. That’s intentional.

The exact numbers matter less than the jump. A $25 dollar donor jumps to $500. A $1,000 donor jumps to $5,000.

All of these are donors signaling interest. They’re re-evaluating what your work means to them. And they’re inviting you to respond.

When you see this kind of jump, drop everything and make a call. Not to ask for more – but to listen. What changed? What are they excited about? Who or what inspired the new level of giving?

This is your chance to deepen the relationship before they drift away.

Ask yourself: Do I have a notification system that will let me know when “hand-raising” gifts happens? What’s my process when I learn about them?

3. The “Breakthrough” Gift

Here’s where it gets exciting. You see a donor move into five- or six-figure territory, or they’ve set up a multi-year pledge. Maybe they’ve reached out about leaving a bequest.

This donor is no longer an annual donor – they are in the pipeline.

Yes, these bumps happen with personal visits and cultivation, but sometimes the donor decides to make the leap.

When I see this move, I bring them into a different lane. Personal stewardship. Custom impact reports. Invitations to help shape the vision, not just fund it. Because at this level, they’re not just giving – they’re investing.

This is where cultivation becomes partnership.

Ask yourself: How can I make sure I don’t miss any of these breakthrough gifts? What’s my plan to meet this donor and find out what their philanthropic goals are for the long-term?

In conclusion…

Make sure these three moments show up in your reports. More than data points, these three gift types represent real shifts in mindset. Catching them early and responding with intention is how you build a stronger, smarter pipeline.

Because fundraising isn’t just about chasing dollars. It’s about listening to the story those dollars are trying to tell you.

Cheers!

P.S. Like this kind of insight? Subscribe to Real Deal Fundraising and get my best articles, tools, and curated resources every week – including webinars, videos, and free downloads.

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